So many questions have been raised by the horrifying and heart-breaking events at Grenfell Tower. In addition to the questions that have been raised in the public sphere it seems to me that there may be core questions that should be obvious to those of us that have been involved in public procurement but may not yet be obvious to the press and other commentators. As someone who has been involved in construction law and public procurement for over 30 years these events raise some serious questions about the systems that we have come to regard as normal.
As it happens I’ve been putting in place plans for a workshop at King’s College in November that considers how public procurement can lead to better health and social outcomes and I hope that this will be a useful framework to look at some of the issues that are raised. I would welcome any input on how we should frame discussion around these issues. Let me suggest a first few initial questions that are specifically directed to Grenfell Tower as it seems to me that we can usefully start with these and see how we can extrapolate to other circumstances.
In setting out these questions I assume that we have to focus on two procurements: the contractual arrangements for management of the housing and the specific contract for delivery of the refurbishment of Grenfell Tower. There is plainly now an issue as to whether the type of cladding was even permitted so the whole question as to how that cladding came to be used is very much alive. Life being what it is, though, we have to expect that this inquiry will throw up more than one shortcoming that led to disaster.
I should also emphasise that I know nothing about what happened at Grenfell Tower either before, during or after the fire beyond what I have learned from the press and speaking to those who have been in the vicinity of the Tower in the last few days. So here goes.
- What were the contractual arrangements under which the management of Grenfell Tower was run and how was the management organisation set up or appointed?
- What were the ongoing contractual and financial incentives under this contract? For instance was payment tied to Key Performance Indicators and if so, what were they? How was engagement with the tenants and the community worked into the contract? Most crucially what were the contractual incentives for improved fire safety?
- Perhaps on this relationship we also need to consider whether the way in which the management organisation was set up or appointed placed emphasis on softer social goals or pure financial performance as opposed to basic goals of tenant safety.
- Has public procurement been so fixed on pursuing the agenda of social value and environmental goals that we have failed to give enough weight to basic performance factors such as safety? Has social value and the like simply become too fashionable for the good of those it was to benefit?
- If fire safety is treated simply as a question for the specification rather than in the criteria for awarding a contract, are choices in the relevant building contract driven by questions such as whole life costing and the like rather than improvements beyond the specified level of safety? Does that mean that the choice between one system or product and another is made more on the basis of softer criteria at the expense of more basic factors?
- And of course, if (and it’s a big if) the root of this tragedy is in the use of prohibited products, defects or poor workmanship, how is it that our procurement culture has still not weeded this out? Are we still incentivising short cuts or unduly prioritising procurement law compliance?
Dear Mr Bowsher,
I wondered whether as part of your questions/enquiry it might be appropriate to ask given the various levels of regulatory overview, contractor and consultant involvement the relevant product/construction method could be allowed without warning or highlighting of the dangers? Who had the duty to warn and if warnings/concerns were raised why were they ignored?
Martin Collingwood
The key is good specification of what is to be delivered, properly related to termination and performance management risks and the pricing structure to incentivise delivery. Good specification is hard and is rarer than it should be and under-valued. Decades of relentless demand for cost savings, over-ambition about what can be procured and on what scale, and the EU procurement framework which focusses on compliance at the expense of satisfying the requirement, have also taken their toll. Senior people and politicians unskilled in procurement are over-optimistic and unrealistic about what can be achieved and do not understand how much effort is needed to place a contract successfully and manage it; and that over-ambitious projects have a much higher risk of failure. Simply engaging a professional supplier does not solve the problem, particularly if going out to the market is done without first solving the problems that need to be solved in order to procure a successful solution. There will be more chickens coming home to roost in coming years. PFI was not a novel approach to procurement but a risky one: it was designed to fund public infrastructure without appearing to do so by getting the investment off the public balance sheet and spreading the cost into the future. These are personal views based on advising on procurement since 1986
Including consideration of the impact on people and intentionally setting out to improve lives, needs to be front and centre of all public procurement.
May I suggest that a lot more thought is given to the wording of question #4.
What we really need to know, is why were tenant concerns about fire safety ignored for so long? Why weren’t their voices heard and who made the decision to spend millions improving the look of the outside of the building, rather than making the building safe.
Sustainable Government Procurement must include People, in a balanced People, Planet, Profit approach to defining value and governing how tax dollars are spent.
Public procurement can no longer continue to define value creation by cost savings alone. A change of culture and much more sophistication in public procurement is needed to build a more diverse and inclusive society.
This is not a time to talk about social value being too fashionable. This is a time to talk about placing people at the very centre of public procurement and about ways to generate much more social value from taxpayer funded contracts.
Thank you for writing this article. You are right to point out that the procurement process regarding Grenfell towers has been ignored.
Like all systems procurement, a weighting is given to criteria to be met.
The construction leadership council and the government have been promoting ” whole life costing” for public procurement. I find it incredible that for all of the hype about ” whole life costing” by both the CLC and government I cannot find the formula or weighting used for ” whole life costing” in public procurement.
I asked the construction leadership council for the whole life costing formula. They said that there are many different types of whole life costing systems, they merely promote the use of any of these systems. This seems odd to me because the construction leadership council specifies that a CSCS card holder should have a minimum of NVQ2 in their trade. How is it that a trade qualification is named by the construction leadership council but not a costing system. It all seems a bit suspicious to me!